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1.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(9): 507-516, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36336380

ABSTRACT

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , COVID-19/therapy , SARS-CoV-2 , Immunization, Passive/adverse effects , COVID-19 Serotherapy
2.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(9): 507-516, Nov. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-211212

ABSTRACT

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.(AU)


Se ha sugerido que los pacientes carentes de respuesta inmune humoral desarrollan una forma menos severa de COVID-19, pero existen algunos casos de curso prolongado, recurrente o incluso mortal. Desde abril de 2020 existen evidencias de los beneficios del plasma de convalecientes de COVID-19 (PCC) en los pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral. La mayoría tienen una inmunodeficiencia congénita primaria o están recibiendo tratamiento con anticuerpos anti-CD20. Describimos tres pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral y COVID-19 tratados con PCC en nuestro centro y revisamos los 31 casos más descritos en la literatura. Todos resolvieron el cuadro clínico con PCC, salvo tres. Una dosis de 200-800 mL fue suficiente en la mayoría de los casos. Los niveles de anticuerpos tras la transfusión fueron negativos o bajos, sugiriendo el consumo de los mismos en la neutralización del SARS-CoV-2. Estos pacientes tienen un curso clínico prolongado que se acorta tras la administración del PCC. El PCC podría ser de utilidad en los pacientes con inmunodeficiencia humoral. Evita las recaídas y la cronificación de la COVID-19. El PCC debería transfundirse lo antes posible en los pacientes con COVID-19 e inmunodeficiencia humoral.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Betacoronavirus , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Plasma , Therapeutics , Rituximab , Immunotherapy , Immunity, Humoral , Microbiology , Communicable Diseases
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(3): 361-369, ago. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394452

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las inmunodeficiencias humorales (IDH) comprenden un grupo de enfermedades caracterizadas por una deficiente respuesta mediada por anticuerpos. Se clasifican en primarias (IDHP), causa das por defectos propios del sistema inmune, o secundarias (IDHS) a otras enfermedades o fármacos. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar la evolución de las IDH asistidas en la Unidad Inmunología del Hospital Durand entre 1982 y 2020, dividido en dos periodos, Periodo I (1982-2009) y Periodo II (2010-2020); para evaluar el crecimiento de éstas, sus características epidemiológicas y las formas de tratamiento. Se evaluaron 205 pacientes, 176 (85.8%) IDHP y 29 (14.2%) IDHS. Las IDHP más diagnosticadas fueron: inmunodeficiencia común variable en 104 (59%) pacientes, agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X en 17 (9.6%) y deficiencia selectiva de IgA en 26 (14.8%). En 25 (14.2%) IDHP se realizó un diagnóstico molecular. Las causas de IDHS fueron: secundaria a rituximab en 21 (72.4%) pacientes, enfermedades hematológicas en tres (10.2%) y fármacos antiepilépticos en tres. Un total de 161 (78.5%) pacientes recibieron gammaglobulina, 140 (87%) IDHP y 21 (13%) IDHS; 152 (94.4%) fueron tratados con gammaglobulina endovenosa y nueve (5.6%) con gammaglobulina subcutánea. De los tratados inicialmente con forma endovenosa, 30 (19.7%) cambiaron a subcutánea. El crecimiento en la can tidad de pacientes entre ambos periodos del estudio fue mayor al 250%, y al 700% en pacientes incorporados por año. El crecimiento de las IDHS con relación al de las IDHP fue más del doble. Al finalizar el estudio 125 pacientes continuaban en seguimiento, 80% IDHP y 20% IDHS, y 14 fallecieron.


Abstract Antibody deficiencies (AD) are characterized by low or absent immunoglobulin levels or the inability to develop a specific antibody response. They are classified in primary (PAD) when there is an intrinsic immune defect, or secondary (SAD) to other dis eases or drugs. The aim of our study was to review the evolutio n of AD assisted at the Immunology Unit, Hospital Durand between 1982 and 2020, divided into two periods: Period I (1982-2009) and Period II (2010-2020); to evaluate their growth, epidemiologic features and treatment options. A total of 205 patients were identified, 176 (85.8%) with PAD and 29 (14.2%) with SAD. The most frequent PAD were common variable immunodeficiency in 104 (59%) patients, X linked agammaglobulinemia in 17 (9.6%) and selective IgA deficiency in 26 (14.8%). Genetic defects were found in 25 (14.2%) patients with PAD. SAD cases were associated with rituximab in 21 (72.4%) subjects, haematological disease in three (10.2%) and with antiepileptic drugs in other three; 161 (78.5%) patients were treated with immunoglobulins, 140 (87%) PAD y 21 (13%) SAD; 152 (94.4%) received intravenous immunoglobulins and nine (5.6%) subcutaneous immunoglobulins. Thirty (19.7%) patients treated at first with intravenous immunoglobulins changed to subcutaneous formulations. The increase in number of patients between both periods was greater than 250%, and more than 700% in patients added per year. SAD growth was greater than twice times comparing with PAD. By the end of the study 125 patients continued in follow up, 80% PAD y 20% SAD and 14 died.

4.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33741148

ABSTRACT

Patients lacking humoral response have been suggested to develop a less severe COVID-19, but there are some reports with a prolonged, relapsing or deadly course. From April 2020, there is growing evidence on the benefits of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Most of them had a congenital primary immunodeficiency or were on treatment with anti CD20 antibodies. We report on three patients treated in our hospital and review thirty-one more cases described in the literature. All patients but three resolved clinical picture with CCP. A dose from 200 to 800ml was enough in most cases. Antibody levels after transfusion were negative or low, suggesting consumption of them in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. These patients have a protracted clinical course shortened after CCP. CCP could be helpful for patients with humoral immunodeficiency. It avoid relapses and chronification. CCP should be transfused as early as possible in patients with COVID-19 and humoral immunodeficiency.

5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(5): 319-323, Oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841521

ABSTRACT

El rituximab (RTX), un anticuerpo quimérico anti-CD20 que induce la depleción de linfocitos B, es utilizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades linfoproliferativas y autoinmunes. La inmunodeficiencia humoral relacionada al tratamiento con RTX comenzó a ser un motivo de derivación a nuestro Servicio, por lo que decidimos analizar a los pacientes con el antecedente de haber sido tratados con RTX que consultaron por hipogammaglobulinemia o infecciones recurrentes desde noviembre de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2014. Evaluamos a ocho pacientes, siete mujeres y un varón. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 19.3 ± 18.8 meses, rango 1 a 54, con una mediana de 13. Tres tenían proteinogramas normales previo a la administración de RTX, tres hipogammaglobulinemia, y de dos no hay datos. A ninguno se le realizó una determinación cuantitativa de inmunoglobulinas previa al tratamiento. Cuatro recibieron RTX por linfoma B no Hodgkin, dos por leucemia linfocítica crónica, uno por púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune y otro por poliangeítis microscópica. A seis se les diagnosticó hipogammaglobulinemia y a uno deficiencia de IgM, IgA e IgG2. Cinco presentaron infecciones, cuatro con buena respuesta al tratamiento de reemplazo con gammaglobulina. La inmunodeficiencia humoral relacionada a RTX es una causa de consulta cada vez más frecuente. Resulta fundamental disponer de los niveles de inmunoglobulinas previo al inicio de su administración para poder establecer una relación etiológica y durante el seguimiento, para disminuir el retraso diagnóstico. El tratamiento con gammaglobulina en dosis sustitutivas parece ser de utilidad en pacientes con infecciones graves o recurrentes.


Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, induces the depletion of B lymphocytes. It is used for the treatment of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases. Antibody immunodeficiency associated to RTX treatment is a new motif for consultation to our service. We decided to study those patients that having been treated with RTX, consulted for hypogammaglobulinemia or recurrent infections between November 2010 and December 2014. We evaluated eight patients, seven female and one male. The average follow up time was 19.3 ± 18.8 months, range 1 to 54, median 13. Three had a normal electrophoretic proteinogram before receiving RTX, three had hypogammaglobulinemia and in two data was not available. None of them had a quantitative determination of immunoglobulins before receiving RTX. Four received RTX as a treatment of non Hodking lymphoma, two as a treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, one for immune thrombocytopenic purpura and other for microscopic polyangiitis. Six were diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia and one with combined IgM, IgA and IgG2 deficiency. Five presented infections, four of them with good response to intravenous immunoglobulin. RTX related antibody deficiency consultations are increasing. It is important to determine the immunoglobulin levels previously to RTX use in order to establish an etiologic relationship with RTX and a quick diagnosis of antibody deficiency. The substitutive treatment with gammaglobulin seems to be useful in patients with severe or recurrent infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Agammaglobulinemia/drug therapy , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Recurrence , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Fatal Outcome , Microscopic Polyangiitis/drug therapy
6.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 41(1): 4-10, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629232

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el sistema de complemento tiene como función principal la protección frente a microorganismos y constituye una de las primeras líneas de defensiva ante la agresión por agentes biológicos. El paciente lesionado complejo presenta respuestas inmunitarias deficientes, asociadas a disminución del tercer componente del complemento (C3), secundarias al trauma severo con deterioro masivo celular, alteraciones del proceso inflamatorio y modificaciones en la función de los polimorfonucleares, lo que genera inmunodisregulación que lleva al fallo múltiple de órganos, sepsis y complicaciones mortales. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las concentraciones séricas de C3 en la evolución clínica del paciente politraumatizado. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y analítico en 55 pacientes politraumatizados ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en la Unidad de Cuidados Especiales Quirúrgicos del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", previo cumplimiento de criterios de inclusión y acorde con las consideraciones éticas establecidas para este tipo de investigación. Se determinó la probabilidad de sobrevida (PS) de la muestra, y se analizó cinéticamente el comportamiento del C3 y su relación con la PS. Resultados: La relación existente entre la PS por grupos y las concentraciones de C3, demostró una reducción de este componente a medida que disminuía la PS, inclusive desde el primer día de medida la variable. Este hecho cobró más significación en el grupo de pacientes con PS£ 78 por ciento(0,6 g/L) y en el grupo con PS entre 79 y 91 por ciento (0,7 g/L). Conclusiones: los niveles de C3 estuvieron comprometidos en los pacientes estudiados desde las primeras 24 h de haber sufrido el trauma, y fue más notorio en aquellos con menor PS,


Introduction: the complement system has a major function, the protection in face of microorganisms and it is one of the first defensive lines to aggression from biological agents. The complicated injured patient has poor immune responses, associated with a decrease of the third complement component (C3), secondary to the severe trauma with a massive cellular deterioration, alterations of inflammatory process and modifications in the polymorphonuclear function generating an immuno-dysregulation leading to multi-organ failure, sepsis and mortal complications. Objective: to assess the behavior of C3 serum concentrations in the course of poly-trauma patient. Methods: an analytical and prospective study was conducted in 55 poly-trauma patient admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in the Surgical Special Care Units of the "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Central Military Hospital and previous fulfilment of inclusion criteria and according to the ethical considerations established for this type of research. The survival probability (SP) of sample was determined and analyzing kinetically the C3 behavior and its relation to SP. Results: the relation between SP by groups and C3 concentrations, showed a decrease of this component insofar as SP decreased even from the first day of measurement of variable. This fact gain more significance in the group of patients with SPú 78 percent (0.6 g/L) and in the group with a SP between 79 and 91 percent (0.7 g/L). Conclusions: the C3 levels were committed in study patients from the firs 24 hours after trauma and it was more obvious in those with a SP minor, demonstrating the directly proportional relation between the decrease of this complement component, the severity of injuries and the development of fatal infectious complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunologic Factors , Neutrophils/physiology , Wounds and Injuries
7.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 41(1): 4-10, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-54867

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el sistema de complemento tiene como función principal la protección frente a microorganismos y constituye una de las primeras líneas de defensiva ante la agresión por agentes biológicos. El paciente lesionado complejo presenta respuestas inmunitarias deficientes, asociadas a disminución del tercer componente del complemento (C3), secundarias al trauma severo con deterioro masivo celular, alteraciones del proceso inflamatorio y modificaciones en la función de los polimorfonucleares, lo que genera inmunodisregulación que lleva al fallo múltiple de órganos, sepsis y complicaciones mortales. Objetivo: evaluar el comportamiento de las concentraciones séricas de C3 en la evolución clínica del paciente politraumatizado. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y analítico en 55 pacientes politraumatizados ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y en la Unidad de Cuidados Especiales Quirúrgicos del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto", previo cumplimiento de criterios de inclusión y acorde con las consideraciones éticas establecidas para este tipo de investigación. Se determinó la probabilidad de sobrevida (PS) de la muestra, y se analizó cinéticamente el comportamiento del C3 y su relación con la PS. Resultados: La relación existente entre la PS por grupos y las concentraciones de C3, demostró una reducción de este componente a medida que disminuía la PS, inclusive desde el primer día de medida la variable. Este hecho cobró más significación en el grupo de pacientes con PS£ 78 por ciento(0,6 g/L) y en el grupo con PS entre 79 y 91 por ciento (0,7 g/L). Conclusiones: los niveles de C3 estuvieron comprometidos en los pacientes estudiados desde las primeras 24 h de haber sufrido el trauma, y fue más notorio en aquellos con menor PS, (AU)


Introduction: the complement system has a major function, the protection in face of microorganisms and it is one of the first defensive lines to aggression from biological agents. The complicated injured patient has poor immune responses, associated with a decrease of the third complement component (C3), secondary to the severe trauma with a massive cellular deterioration, alterations of inflammatory process and modifications in the polymorphonuclear function generating an immuno-dysregulation leading to multi-organ failure, sepsis and mortal complications. Objective: to assess the behavior of C3 serum concentrations in the course of poly-trauma patient. Methods: an analytical and prospective study was conducted in 55 poly-trauma patient admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and in the Surgical Special Care Units of the "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Central Military Hospital and previous fulfilment of inclusion criteria and according to the ethical considerations established for this type of research. The survival probability (SP) of sample was determined and analyzing kinetically the C3 behavior and its relation to SP. Results: the relation between SP by groups and C3 concentrations, showed a decrease of this component insofar as SP decreased even from the first day of measurement of variable. This fact gain more significance in the group of patients with SPú 78 percent (0.6 g/L) and in the group with a SP between 79 and 91 percent (0.7 g/L). Conclusions: the C3 levels were committed in study patients from the firs 24 hours after trauma and it was more obvious in those with a SP minor, demonstrating the directly proportional relation between the decrease of this complement component, the severity of injuries and the development of fatal infectious complications.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Complement C3 , Immunologic Factors , Wounds and Injuries , Neutrophils/physiology
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